potfit uses the potential ensemble method ¹⁾ to quantify the uncertainty in fitted potential parameters by generating an ensemble of candidate potentials of varying suitability sampled from around the best fit potential space.

To enable this feature, compile potfit with the uq switch. This generates an ensemble of potentials whose spread can be used to quantify the uncertainties in the fitted parameters. Propagating ensemble members to calculate quantities of interest will give the resultant uncertainties incurred in using the potential.

<span style="color:red">This option is only available for analytic potentials.</span>

An ensemble of potentials are generated by taking a series on Markov chain Monte Carlo steps starting from the best fit potential parameters. The step size in each parameter direction is scaled dependant on the curvature in each parameter. This is encoded using information about the eigenvalues of the hessian at the best fit potential minimum, for potential parameters $\Theta=\{\theta_1,..., \theta_N\}$.

\begin{equation} \Delta\theta_{i}=\sum_{j=1}^{\rm N_{\rm P}}\sqrt{\frac{\rm R}{{\rm{max}} (1,\lambda_{j})}}V_{ij}r_{j} \end{equation} where $\lambda_j$ are the hessian eigenvalues, $V_{ij}$ the eigenvector components and $r_j$ is Gaussian noise. The R value, acceptance_rescaling, is a tunable parameter for the MCMC step acceptance rate.

The MCMC algorithm samples potentials from the distribution at a temperature, $T_0$, set by the number of potential parameters and minimum cost value. In the majority of cases this temperature should be sufficient to generate a suitable ensemble. In the event that a reduced sampling temperature is required this can be scaled by a parameter $\alpha$ (uq_temp), such that $T=\alpha T_0$.